On June 26, 2001, the 40th
Partnership Council convened in Luxembourg. At this second Partnership
Council meeting following the Helsinki summit, developments concerning
Turkey’s pre-initiation strategy were evaluated, and a series of important
decisions were taken concerning Turkey’s participation in the Union Program,
full access to TAIEX, and the formulation of mechanisms for discussion
concerning the issues related to trade within the scope of the Customs
Union.
The EU-OIC Joint Forum held in Istanbul on February 12-13, 2002, served as
an example for the Union in expressing what Turkey “could contribute to the
Union” instead of the “burdens it would bring to the Union”, which the Union
frequently refers to.
Turkey also ensured that the PKK and the DHKP-C were listed as terrorist
organizations.
At the special session of the TGNA, the Parliament approved the European
Union Harmonization Laws composed of 14 articles at a special session on
August 1-2, 2002. According to the laws, capital punishment was abolished
except for crimes of war and very close threats of war, and it was
replaced by life imprisonment. Further decisions were as follows: the right
to broadcast under the supervision of RTÜK in languages used by Turkish
citizens in their daily life; the holding of courses by the Ministry of
National Education to teach these languages and dialects; facilitating the
rights of minority foundations to own property; and certain restrictions
were lifted concerning the freedom of associations and their branches to
hold meetings and demonstrations both locally and abroad.
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At the Helsinki Summit held in December 2002, it was decided that the
decision pertaining to Turkey is to be taken in 2004 and the TGNAaccepted
the 6th Harmonization Package in accordance
with conformity with to the EU on June 19, 2003. At the Thessaloniki Summit
which began in the same period under the periodical chairmanship of Greece
the developments in Turkey were noted and Turkey was asked to realize all
the changes set forth in the Helsinki decisions.
The TGNA accepted the 7th Harmonization
Package on July 29, 2003, thus practically completing the legal work
concerning the harmonization process. The following are issues amended
within the 7th Harmonization package: the
scope of the freedom of expression has been enlarged; the destruction of
printed material has been banned; investigation concerning torture has been
given priority; the budget auditing capabilities of the TGNAhave been
developed with an article added to the Law of the Supreme Council of Public
Accounts; the public property of the Turkish Armed Forces are to be serviced
in a manner befitting the need for secrecy; the age for children’s courts
has been amended from 15 to 18
kid clothes wholesale; private persons have
been given the right to form societies; it has been decided that meetings
and demonstrations can be postponed for 10 days and not 30 if there arises
the necessity to do so; the tasks and missions of the Secretary General of
the National Security Council who is appointed by the proposal of the Prime
Minister and accepted by the President, have been redefined; and it has been
decided that the National Defense Council should meet once every two months
instead of once a month.
The Cyprus Issue. The East Mediterranean island of Cyprus is the
homeland of two distinct peoples: Turkish
Cypriots and Greek Cypriots. Their relationship is not that of a majority
and minority, but one of two equal political entities. After more than 300
years of Turkish rule, the island of Cyprus came under British
administration in 1878, and in 1923,
kid clothes wholesale sovereignty was formally
attained by Britain. The British colonial administration on the island
continued until 1960, when a joint bi-communal state, the Republic of Cyprus
was founded. It was based on international treaties, signed by Great
Britain, Turkey and Greece, as well as the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot
communities.
The leaders of the Greek Cypriots did not consider the 1960 settlement as
the final status for the island but as a step on the way to annexation
(Enosis) to Greece. They continued to campaign unlawfully against a
bi-communal independent state and on December 21, 1963, they put their plans
into effect for a general onslaught on the Turkish Cypriot community. The
brutality of Greek attacks was such that the Turkish Cypriot population in
no fewer than 103 villages had to flee for their lives and take refuge in
small enclaves all over Cyprus. The events of early 1964 made the Turkish
Cypriots virtual prisoners and hostages in their own land
kid clothes wholesale. The United Nations
Secretary-General of the day described the situation as a veritable siege.
On the July 15, 1974, the military government in Greece played a role in
engineering a coup on Cyprus designed to achieve Enosis. Turkey, one of the
three guarantor states, called upon Britain as the other guarantor for joint
intervention under Article 4 of the 1959 Treaty of Guarantee. The British
Government of Mr Harold Wilson declined to take action. Thus, Turkish land,
sea and air forces launched a rapid and highly successful operation designed
to protect the Turkish Cypriot people.
The Turkish Cypriots desired to live in peace with the Greek Cypriots as an
equal people and supported the establishment of a bi-zonal, bi-communal
federation based on the political equality of the two parties. However, the
Greek Cypriot preoccupation of gaining supremacy over the Turkish Cypriot
side frustrated many of their efforts. The Greek Cypriots preferred
propaganda and exploitation of international forums to serious negotiations
for a mutually acceptable solution. The Greek Cypriots recourse to the UN
General Assembly, where the Turkish Cypriots had no fair chance of making
their plight known led to the collapse of the negotiation process in 1983.
The Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in November 1983,
exercising their right of self-determination. After the establishment of the
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the inter-communal negotiations
resumed. However, a solution has not been reached.
In the second half of 1999, efforts to resume negotiations concerning the
Cyprus issue, which had been delayed due to the decision of the EU in 1997
at the Luxembourg Summit to commence negotiations with the Greek Cypriot
Administration for membership, gained momentum. The UN Secretary General
Kofi Annan stated on November 14, 1999 that, even though five rounds of
negotiations were held during the December 3, 1999 - November 10, 2000
period to “form a meaningful basis for negotiations for a comprehensive
solution”, he was unable to attain the goal expected of him.
The declaration made by the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, on September
12, 2000 at the commencement of the fourth round was a very promising step
in the initiation of the resolution of the issue. In this declaration, he
stated that the two communities on the island were separate but equal
political entities which could not represent one another and stressed the
necessity to reach a comprehensive solution which would facilitate new
cooperation through meetings to which both sides would attend as equals. But
the Greek Cypriot delegation reacted negatively to this statement and a
decision was taken by the Greek Cypriot assembly on October 11, 2000 not to
recognize this declaration.
Approximately one year after the refusal, at the invitation of the UN
Secretary General, Rauf Denktaş met with Kofi Annan in Salzburg on August
28, 2001, and expressed the views and expectations concerning the Cyprus
qestion. He explained once again the facts on the Island and gave him a note
which included the parameters for a solution sought by the Turkish-Cypriots
concerning the question. This was later published as a UN document. After
the said meeting, Alvaro De Soto met with both sides on the island between
August 30 - September 5, 2001.
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